Calculators

Convert a mouse polling rate in hertz (Hz) to the nominal interval between reports in milliseconds (ms). The result assumes evenly spaced reports; actual timing can vary.

Estimate the mouse travel needed for a full 360-degree turn using your mouse DPI, in-game sensitivity, and the game’s yaw value in degrees per mouse count at sensitivity 1. Defaults are illustrative; yaw values vary by game. This estimate assumes raw input, no acceleration, and consistent sensitivity.

Calculate effective dots per inch (eDPI) by multiplying your mouse DPI by your in-game sensitivity. Use the sensitivity value shown in your game. eDPI is useful for comparing settings within the same game; sensitivity scales differ between games.

Estimate the volume of thermal paste needed to cover rectangular surfaces. Enter the surface dimensions, assumed applied layer thickness, number of applications, and extra allowance. Results are estimates; actual use varies with application method and paste consistency.

Estimate average heat output from a PC or workstation laptop using its measured idle and loaded power draw at the wall and the share of time spent under load. Assumes electrical energy consumed becomes heat in the room; exclude separate monitors and peripherals unless their power is included in both readings. Defaults are illustrative.

Estimate the combined rated running power of identical case fans using their voltage and rated current. Defaults are illustrative; check the fan label or manufacturer specifications. Actual power can vary with fan speed and load, and startup current may be higher. Separately powered lighting is excluded.

Estimate combined airflow from identical PC fans using their rated airflow, operating speed, and an assumed installed-airflow percentage. Fan ratings are usually measured without restrictions; filters, grills, and other resistance reduce actual airflow. Speed and airflow are approximated as proportional. Enter intake or exhaust fans separately to avoid double-counting airflow through the case. Defaults are illustrative assumptions.

Estimate the case airflow needed to carry away PC heat using a steady-state air heat-balance equation. Enter the heat released inside the case, your target exhaust-air temperature rise above room temperature, and an estimated airflow effectiveness. Defaults are illustrative. The result is an estimated total effective case airflow, not a fan rating or measured performance; restrictions, fan curves, air recirculation, and component hot spots can change actual results.

Estimate the electricity cost of running a CPU using its average power draw, operating time, and electricity rate. Enter measured or estimated average CPU power, not necessarily its rated TDP. This estimate excludes other computer components and power supply losses.

Estimate the electricity cost of running a GPU over a chosen period. Enter its average power draw, usage time, electricity rate, and power supply efficiency. The estimate includes power supply losses attributable to the GPU, but excludes the rest of the computer. Defaults are illustrative; actual power draw and efficiency vary with workload.

Calculate power supply efficiency from measured input and output power. Enter readings taken under the same load; the defaults are illustrative. Efficiency equals output power divided by input power, multiplied by 100. For a conventional power supply, output power should not exceed input power.

Estimate the total budget for a gaming PC using your own component and peripheral costs, plus a contingency allowance. Defaults are illustrative; prices vary by retailer and location.

Estimate the cost of a desktop PC build using your own component prices. Enter the combined price of the motherboard, memory, storage, power supply, case, cooling, and any other internal parts under other components. Tax is applied to components and peripherals; assembly is added afterward. Defaults are illustrative and exclude shipping and software.

Calculate the cost per advertised gigabyte of an SSD, including optional shipping. Enter the drive’s advertised capacity; 1 TB is treated as 1,000 GB. Defaults are illustrative. Taxes and usable capacity after formatting are excluded.

Estimate the RAM capacity needed for your operating system and simultaneous workloads. Enter estimated peak memory use without double counting shared memory, and choose a headroom allowance. Round the result up to an available RAM capacity; defaults are illustrative.

Estimate a video file’s size from its duration, average video bitrate, audio bitrate, and an allowance for container overhead. Defaults are illustrative; actual sizes vary with encoding and content.

Estimate download time from file size, connection speed, and the percentage of that speed available to the download. File size uses decimal gigabytes (1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes). Actual times vary with network conditions and server speed.

Estimate transfer time from file size, connection speed, and assumed transfer efficiency. Decimal units use 1 MB = 1,000,000 bytes and 1 GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes; 1 GiB = 1,073,741,824 bytes. Efficiency accounts for protocol overhead and other slowdowns. Defaults are illustrative, and actual transfer speeds can vary.

Estimate the total storage capacity needed for existing data and new files, including copies and free-space headroom. File sizes use decimal units: 1 GB = 1,000 MB. Enter the total number of copies, including the original. The estimate assumes every copy occupies the same space and does not account for compression, filesystem overhead, or future growth beyond the amounts entered.

Estimate UPS battery runtime from battery-bank voltage and capacity, connected load, usable battery capacity, and inverter efficiency. Defaults are illustrative. Actual runtime varies with battery age, discharge rate, temperature, and UPS design; manufacturer runtime charts provide a better estimate when available.

Estimate the electricity cost of running a PC using its average power draw, daily usage, billing period, and electricity rate. Defaults are illustrative. Include the monitor and peripherals in the power draw if you want their costs included. Actual power draw and electricity rates may vary.

Estimate daily electricity use from average CPU, GPU, and other component power. Power supply efficiency converts component power to estimated power drawn from the wall. Defaults are illustrative; actual use varies with workload and hardware.

Estimate the minimum continuous DC output rating for a desktop workstation power supply using component power estimates and a target load percentage. Enter the combined power of all CPUs and GPUs if applicable. Defaults are illustrative. Choose an available PSU rating at or above the result, and check component power spikes, connectors, and manufacturer recommendations separately. This estimate does not apply to laptop charger sizing.

Estimate the minimum dock power-adapter output needed to supply your laptop, dock, and connected accessories. Enter the laptop’s manufacturer-rated charging power and the maximum simultaneous power draw of the dock and accessories. The efficiency and headroom defaults are illustrative assumptions; check the dock manufacturer’s specifications before choosing an adapter.

Estimate the total cost of a laptop workstation using your own prices, sales tax rate, and contingency allowance. Defaults are illustrative. The estimate assumes sales tax applies to all listed purchases and that contingency is calculated on the after-tax total.

Calculate a laptop screen’s pixel density in pixels per inch (PPI) from its resolution and diagonal size. This uses the Pythagorean theorem and assumes square pixels. The default values are illustrative.

Calculate the viewable screen height and width from its diagonal size and aspect ratio. Results are in inches and exclude the bezel. Enter the aspect ratio from the screen specifications; defaults are illustrative.

Estimate a laptop’s current resale value using declining-balance depreciation. Enter your purchase price, age, assumed annual depreciation rate, and any additional condition-related deduction. The result is an estimate based on your assumptions, not a live market price.

Estimate the electricity cost of running a laptop using its average power draw, daily usage, billing period, and electricity rate. Use power measured at the wall when available; charger ratings are maximum outputs and may overestimate typical consumption. The estimate assumes a constant average power draw and excludes separate peripherals.

Estimate the power bank capacity needed for a chosen number of full laptop battery charges. The calculation accounts for energy lost during conversion and charging, then converts watt-hours to milliamp-hours at the power bank’s stated cell voltage. Defaults are illustrative. Actual results vary with laptop use, charging behavior, and power bank efficiency. Choose a power bank with at least the calculated capacity and check that its USB-C output voltage and wattage meet your laptop’s requirements.